Shock absorber



May 29, 11923.

H. A. TOULMIN, m

SHOCK ABSORBER Filed April 7. 1921 Patented May 29, 1923.

'TEN r:

HARRY A. TOULMIN, JB., OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNORTO THE TEMCO ELECTRIC MOTOR COMPANY, OF LEIPSIO, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.v

SHOCK ABSORBER.

Application filed April 7, 1921.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY A. TOULMIN, J r., a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shook Absorbers, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

My invention relates to shock absorbers for vehicles.

The object o-fmy invention is to provide a shock absorber which will not only absorb the shocks but will also absorb the rebound action of the normal spring equipment in the construction of automobiles and similar automotive equipment. It is my object to combine in one shock absorber, so called, the functions of absorbing the shock and of absorbing the rebound. It is my object to provide absorbing mediums of, different rates of vibration'and of different mechanical characteristics so that the shocks will not only be absorbed butv also. dampened and their characteristics so changed that they will be prevented from being injurious to the vehicle and to the passengers when finally transmitted in their diminished form to them.

My invention is an improvement upon the Thompson Patent No. 1,072,791, and employs. the principle of construction and method of operation disclosed in that patent -in which the shock is caused to pass from the road Wheel through the axle to a shock absorbing medium of one rate of vibration and of one characteristic of vibration, and having thus been changed in its characteristics is delivered to another spring medium of a different ratio of vibration and of different characteristics, whereby the shock is again modified and changed so that when it is finally delivered to the vehicle it has been so dampened and absorbed and broken up into its component parts that the result in vibration is not serious to the vehicle orits occupants. It is my object to provide a means of absorbing shock by the transmission of that shock from the road wheel to the axle and thence into a quickly vibrating medium to break up the shock by readily distributing it into a number of minor sharp pulsations and then to communicate these minor sharp pulsations to a slow moving spring'element into which each of these short sharp vibrations will be passed and converted into slow Serial No. 459,446.

moving lengthened vibrations thus eliminating any sharp shock ofgreat volume. It has been found that if the shockis transmitted through a highly responsive quick moving resilient element, such as a helical spring, that such an element will be of sufficient responsiveness to break up the shock but not to absorb it entirely and the absorption can then take place by the. slow moving leaf spring. It has also been found, and it is my object to obviate this by my construction, that if the shock is transmitted first to a leaf spring that because of its slow moving characteristics the shock will be transmitted therethrough in the same way that the shock would be transmitted through a substantially solid body, because the leaf spring, due

' to its slow moving characteristics, is unable either lengthwise of the axle or transversely of it. It is also my object to provide a shock absorber which can be placed readily upon an existing automotive vehicle by removing the existing parts and inserting in their precise location a similar part which is a por-' tlOll Of my shock absorber.

It is my object to provide a shock absorber, so-called, which permits the vehicle to substantially float upon the yielding spring elements and to depend upon these elements for the absorption of the large proportion of minor shocks to a road vehicle without transmitting those shocks at all to the heavier and slow moving leaf springs. It is my object to provide a shock absorber and rebound reducer with elements out of synchronism with each other.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1, is a side elevation of a shock absorber mounted parallel with the axle in-a position when the car is under load;

F i 2, is an end elevation of this shock absor er which is in section along the line "mechanism.

same dimensions --With a -projected head, as

Will be described, for carrying the new 1 is an "axle "upon whichis mounted a 'staiichion 2 that has on one-side of it a limiting stop '3. Uponthisstanc'hion is a'fs up- 'porting'frame 41 With arms5 and 6, and a strengthening rib-7 is placedon either side of the frame joining-the "arms'to one an 'other. Inthis'frame is' cut an aperture 8 that'isbordered by a bushing 9*that has'a shoulder 10 to maintain'it in position. This bushing is loosely fitted into the-aperture 8 in the trainee: so 'that'no machine Work is necessary. Thesteel pin 11 travels in this aperture 8 having on its upper end an eye 12. Through the eye are inserted theends' 13 ofthe springs '14. These springs are also hooked at 15 to a 'hook'16 mounted onfthe end of the frame ateither end. This facilitates an easy method of assembling the several parts, but any method of connection maybe used.

At the lower end'of thepinis an eye 17 through whichjpasses a'spring bolt 18 to connect the leaf spring 19 thereto. The stanchion 2 is held in'positionon the axle 1 by the-nut 20.

The'absorber in Figure 1 is shown inposi- 'tion of normal load. VVhen unloaded the springs stand'substantially in a horizontal plane. I When a shock comes upon them they will be 'pu't'under tensionand will move downwardly at their inner ends and be extended upon the rebound when they Willbe moved upwardly at their inner'end-s and extended. They havejthe constant tendency to maintain themselves upon a horizontal line drawn between theftwo'polnts of con- "nection with the "res'peetive hooks 16.

'While I havejshovvn described certain features as constituting my invention, 1t

win ts under-steed that parts have been 1 shown forpurposes of illustration only, and

"that i do not desire be limited to each details, as obvious modificirtidfisW-ill been 'to a person skilled' intheart.

Having thus fully 'deseribed m invention, What Iclaimfa's new and desiretosecure by Letters Patent, i's

In n "a stanoh-ionhaving opposed "ends, a resilient elementconnected to vibrate out of synchronis'm' vith the rs el' resilient el'en'i'ents to" one another, tli

i ted. tw e nna ""m "a ea l rel s t e fi'fst r silient elei'n e I h nhreygh t e seq nd ebs'o br ,ci mrd d "6f. eshari o nt d 11 1 f 5X16, "he i pivotally' mounted at the outer arm of the Y "and lo"o"selyf either end of said stanchiom'i a supporting link connected at one" end to said"r'esilient element and at the other end to a second resilient element, the partsv being so. arranged {that theshockimparted to the vehicle will pass through the stanchion, the resilient element,"the supporting link to the second resilient element in the order named.

2. In combination, a stanchion having'opposed ends, a resilient element connected at either endv tojsaid' stanchion, a supporting link connected'at one end to said 'resilient element and at .the other end to "a se'coiid resilient element, and "guiding and limiting fineans for the supporting link, theparts be- [ing so arranged "that the shock Ivvill beimparted to the stanchionfthe first-resilient element, the supporting link, andthe'second I resilient element in'the or'der nained', ivh'e'reby "the movement 'of "the "supporting link will be limited.

"'3. In combination, afstanchio-n iriounted upon an I axle, a pair of resillent elements stanchion, and their inner en' 'ds e finet'd to a si'ipporting hnk, a"suppor't1ng link, a

leaf spring parallel withsaidaxle supportand the reboundprevented' in I an a'uteindtive "'95 Vehicle. I I I I I 4;. In combinat on, anax1e,1afstanch1on mounted thereon, a helical "spring "ha' m one end connected "to" said stanch'ion,"and the other end conne 'cte'dFto "the end of a "supporting link, 'asecond'helical spring, having one e'ndoonnect'ed tosaidstanc'hi'on opposite to the first' 'Inent'iened 'helical' spring other end connected totlie'Same'linl f a siipporting link passing through said I stanchion adapted to be "guided by 'it, a leaf'spring 'parallel With the axle and belowfs'aid stanchion connected to the lower end? of said link, Wherebyjshoc'ks may; (absorbedand thefreboun'd prevented in an automotive Vehicle 1 "5. In comb nation in 'a shocjk absorber, means to support resilient elenients,. 'a 'pa1r of resilient elements of'aigiven rateof vibration having tv'vofof'their' ends conneeted and the other of their ends s'upportedibyfsaid supporting inean's, a secondresilient element of a different rate .of vibrati onfedapted to ments,and connectingmeansconneo 111g aid being 'so ar'r'z' -n'ged in fsu'oh an ei dert 6. In comb ation, ma v spring so connected to the other end of the other arm of the Y and connected to the eye of the pin, a supporting pin passing through said stanchion below said helical springs, a leaf spring pivotally connected to the end of said supporting pin, whereby the shock will be first dampened in the resilient means of a high rate of vibration and then dampened in the second resilient means with a slow rate of vibration.

7. In combination, in a vehicle of a shock absorber, composed of a Y-shaped stanchion mounted upon an axle, a helical spring pivotally mounted at the outer end of one arm of the Y and loosely connected to the eye of a pin at its other end, a second helical spring so connected to the other end of the other arm of the Y and connected to the eye of the pin, a supporting pin passing through said stanchion below said helical springs, a leaf spring pivotally connected to the end of said supporting pin, the aperture in said stanchion adapted to guide the pin in one direction and limit its movement in the other direction, whereby the shock will be first dampened in the resilient means of a high rate of vibration and then dampened in the second resilient means with a slow rate of vibration.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

HARRY A.TOULMIN, JR. 

